Definition and Objectives of Research

Define Research in Social Work

Research is a systematic and scientific process of inquiry undertaken to generate knowledge, solve problems, and expand understanding. It involves defining a problem, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions that can be applied to theory or practice. Research is characterized by objectivity, rigor, replicability, and critical thinking, ensuring that findings are reliable and valid.

Social work research applies the principles of research specifically to issues relevant to social welfare, human behavior, and social problems. It is conducted to evaluate programs, improve interventions, influence policies, and generate evidence for effective practice. Rooted in values of social justice, inclusion, and human dignity, social work research uses qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods to understand and address individual, family, community, and societal challenges. Its ultimate goal is to enhance well-being and bring about positive social change.

“Social work research is the systematic and critical investigation of questions in the field of social work, undertaken to produce knowledge that will directly or indirectly improve human well-being.” (Grinnell & Unrau, 2014)

“Social work research is a scientific, systematic process of generating evidence that informs practice, policy, and program development, ensuring that interventions are both effective and ethical.” (Rubin & Babbie, 2016)

“Social work research is original investigation undertaken to gain knowledge and understanding, rooted in values of social justice, inclusion, and social change, and applied to evaluate and improve practice, programs, and policies.” (University of Calgary, 2020)

Objectives of Social Work Research

·       Understanding Problems & Assessing Needs

One of the primary objectives of social work research is to gain a comprehensive understanding of social problems and the needs of individuals, families, and communities. By systematically investigating issues such as poverty, discrimination, mental health challenges, or family conflicts, social work research identifies underlying causes, patterns, and risk factors. This evidence-based understanding enables practitioners to accurately assess client needs, design effective interventions, and allocate resources efficiently, ensuring that social services are responsive, relevant, and targeted to improve overall well-being.

·       Informing Program, Policy & Practice

Social work research aims to provide evidence-based insights that guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of programs, policies, and professional practice. By systematically studying social issues and intervention outcomes, research helps practitioners and policymakers make informed decisions that enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance of services. This objective ensures that social work initiatives are grounded in reliable data, responsive to community needs, and aligned with broader goals of social welfare, equity, and human well-being.

·       Enhancing Well-Being & Social Justice

A key objective of social work research is to promote the well-being of individuals, families, and communities while advancing social justice. By examining systemic inequalities, social disparities, and barriers to resources, research identifies areas where interventions can create meaningful improvements in quality of life. This evidence supports policies and practices that reduce discrimination, empower marginalized populations, and foster equitable access to services, ensuring that social work contributes to a fairer and more inclusive society.

·       Developing Theory & Professional Practice

Social work research seeks to advance both theoretical knowledge and professional practice within the field. By systematically investigating social issues, intervention strategies, and client outcomes, research helps refine existing theories and develop new conceptual frameworks that guide practice. This objective ensures that social workers are equipped with evidence-based tools, approaches, and insights, strengthening their capacity to deliver effective, ethical, and innovative services that address complex social challenges.

·       Strengthening the Research–Practice–Education Nexus

A central objective of social work research is to create a strong connection between research, professional practice, and education. By integrating evidence-based findings into social work training and field practice, research ensures that practitioners are equipped with current knowledge and effective strategies. This synergy fosters continuous learning, improves service delivery, informs curriculum development, and supports a professional culture where theory, practice, and research mutually reinforce one another for better social outcomes.

·       Addressing Social Issues & Influencing Policy

Social work research aims to identify, analyze, and address pressing social issues while informing policy development. By systematically examining social problems, inequalities, and program outcomes, research provides evidence that guides policymakers and practitioners in creating effective interventions. This objective ensures that social work contributes to social reform, promotes equitable access to resources, and supports policies that enhance the well-being of individuals, families, and communities.

·       Building Knowledge & Enhancing Practice Effectiveness

A fundamental objective of social work research is to generate new knowledge and improve the effectiveness of professional practice. By systematically investigating social problems, interventions, and client outcomes, research provides evidence-based insights that help practitioners refine strategies, adopt best practices, and deliver services more efficiently. This objective ensures that social work remains a dynamic, informed, and evidence-driven profession capable of addressing complex social challenges and enhancing overall well-being.

Methods of Social Work